Introduction to chemistry summer course objectives
States of Matter
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Explain how evidence supports the particulate theory of matter
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distinguish among the three states of matter
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explain the changes between the three states of matter in terms of energy and arrangement of particles
Mixtures and Separations ( Theory only)
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distinguish between pure substances and mixtures
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distinguish among solutions, suspensions and colloids
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identify different types of solutions
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investigate the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in water
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apply suitable separation techniques based on differences in properties of the components of mixtures
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describe the extraction of sucrose from sugar cane
Atomic Structure
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describe with illustrations, the structure of atoms of atomic numbers 1 to 20
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state the properties of electrons, protons and neutrons
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define atomic number and mass number
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define relative atomic mass
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interprete chemical notation
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define isotopy
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list the uses of radio active isotopes
Periodic Table and Periodicity
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explain the basis for the arrangement of elements in the periodic table
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explain trends in Group II
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explain trends in Group VII
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identify trends in period 3
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predict properties of unknown elements based on the position in the periodic table
Structure and Bonding
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explain the formation of ionic and covalent bonds
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predict the likelihood of an atom forming an ionic or a covalent bond based on atomic structure
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write formulae to represent ions molecules and formula units
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explain metallic bonding
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describe ionic crystals, simple molecular crystals and giant molecular crystals
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distinguish between ionic and molecular solids
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relate structure of sodium chloride, diamond and graphite to their properties and uses
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explain the term allotropy
Organic Chemistry Crash Course Syllabus Objectives
Sources of Hydrocarbons
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identify natural gas and petroleum as natural sources of hydrocarbons
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list the main uses of at least three fractions obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum
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describe cracking of petroleum fractions (thermal cracking and catalytic cracking of alkanes)
Organic Chemistry and Introduction
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illustrate that carbon atoms can form single and double bonds, branched and unbranched chains and ring compounds
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write formulae to represent simple organic compounds
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list the general characteristics of a homologous series
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write general and molecular formulae for members of a given homologous series
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deduce the homologous series given the fully displayed and condensed formulae of compounds
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write fully displayed structures and names of branched and unbranched alkanes and unbranched alkenes, alcohols and alkanoic acids
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define structural isomerism
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write the fully displayed structures of isomers given their molecular formulae
Reactions of carbon compounds
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Describe the reactions of alkanes and alkenes
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relate the characteristic reactions of alkanes and alkenes to their structures
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Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes
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relate the properties of hydrocarbons to their uses
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identify alcohols, acids and esters by their functional groups
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relate the properties of alcohols, acids and esters to their functional groups
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describe the reactions of ethanol
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describe the fermentation process by which ethanol is produced from carbohydrates
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describe the reactions of ethanoic acid
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explain hydrolysis of esters including saponification
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compare soapy and soapless detergents
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define polymers
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distinguish between addition and condensation as reactions in the formation of polymers
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state at least one use of each of the following types of polymers( polyalkene, polyamide, polyester, polysaccharide)
The Mole Concept Crash Course Syllabus Objectives
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Define mole and molar mass
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perform calculations from mass to moles and moles to mass and percentage composition by mass
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calculate the relative molecular mass or relative formula mass given atomic masses
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State Avogadro's law and perform calculations involving molar volumes (rtp and stp)
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State the law of conservation of matter
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Write balanced chemical equations and use both ionic and molecular equations to represent chemical reactions.
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Apply the mole concept to equations, both ionic and molecular ( calculations involving masses and volumes)
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Define the term standard solution (molecular concentration and mass concentration).